Integration and Starvation Fig: Metabolic interrelationship of major pathways of energy metabolism Metabolic integration Phases of catabolism [All the major biomolecules – carbohydrates, lipids and proteins undergo catabolism to finally yield acetyl CoA which is further oxidised in the citric Read More …
Category: Notes
Chemistry and Metabolism of Hemoglobin
Hemoproteins: Heme as prosthetic group The heme group serves to reversibly bind oxygen Haemoglobin – RBCs Myoglobin – Muscles Cytochromes – heme group serves as e– carrier Catalase – it catalyses H2O2 Hemoglobin Conjugated protein Red blood pigment found in Read More …
Chemistry and metabolism of Nucleotides & Nucleic acids
Chemistry of Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids There are two types of nucleic acids: deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) and ribonucleic acids (RNA). Primarily, nucleic acids serve as repositories and transmitters of genetic information. DNA was discovered in 1869 by Johann Friedrich Miescher, Read More …
Chemistry and Metabolism of Proteins
Proteins Proteins are the prime molecules of life occurring in every cell and every part of the cell. Proteins are the building material for the body structure. They account for about half of the organic material of the human body. Read More …
Chemistry and Metabolism of Lipids
Definition of Lipids Organic substances that are relatively insoluble in water, soluble in nonpolar organic solvents (alcohol, ether, benzene, chloroform, etc.), are actually or potentially related to fatty acids and utilised by the living cells. Properties of Lipids: Not true Read More …
Chemistry and Metabolism of Carbohydrates
Definition Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones or compounds which yield these on hydrolysis. Functions of Carbohydrates: Most abundant dietary source of energy (4 cal/gm). Storage form of energy in the form of Glycogen. Structural components of many organisms. Participate Read More …
Biological Oxidation
High Energy Compounds: Substances which possess sufficient free energy to liberate at least 7 Cal/mol at pH 7.0 Possess high energy bonds: acid anhydride bonds. Class Examples of high-energy compounds Pyrophosphates ATP, pyrophosphate Acyl Phosphates 1,3 Biphosphoglycerate, Carbamoyl phosphate Enol Read More …
Enzymes
Definition Enzymes are Biocatalysts (the catalysts of life). They are protein in nature, colloidal and thermo-labile in character and specific in their action. Catalyst: A substance that increases the velocity or rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any Read More …
Cell and Transport
Cell A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions. Structural & functional unit of Life. Basic unit of Biological activity. Prokaryotic Cell: Do not have structures surrounded by membranes Few internal structures Examples: One-celled organisms, Read More …